Regulating apparatus



Feb. 8, 1944. w. H. sMn-H REGULATING APPARATUS Filed May 2o, 1942WITNESSES:

ATTORN man ser. s, 1944 ,e 2,340,994

' UNITEDV STATES Plxrlazlv'r oFFlcs REGULATING APPARATUS Walter H.Smith, Wilkinsburg, Pa., assgn'or to Westinghouse Electric &Manufacturing -Company, East Pittsburgh, Pa., a. corporation ofPennsylvania y. i

Application May zo, 1942, semina. 4113.689 f f7 claims. (ci. 1v1-229) fThis invention relates to regulating apparatus connected through anoperating switch 20 to a for constant speed engines, and particularly tomotor 22. The neld winding I8 of the generator regulating apparatus lorpreventing overloading l IIjis electrically. connectedthrough a suitableof constant speed engines. f adjustable resistor l2-to` the armature 26of an In Diesel electric locomotives, itis necessary v5fexciterfgenerator28:1which is also driven by the to provide for loadregulation to prevent over- Diesel-engine." Theexcitergenerator 28 alsohas loading of the Diesel engine. Many types of load y a field'winding30 connected through a series'conregulating apparatus have been providedheretoynected. pressure responsivey pile resistor 32 and an fore butthey have had certain disadvantages; "adjustable'fieldlrheostatl34 to beenergized froma The different types 0f known loadregulatlngfap- 10"suitableisourceof power, such -as the battery 36. paratus arecomplicated and have'larg'amoving j The pile'resistor 32 :and theoperating mechanism parts thereby necessitating more Aspacewfoi" 'abetter shown invFig. 1. mounting the regulating apparatus and` greatlysistor 32 maybe of any ofthe well adding to the cost of theinstallation-lV '.-Anothery din this embodiment is illustrateddisadvantage of the known typesxo `regulators stack of discs 38slidablymountis that hunting is encountered 'whereby .the-.'.cerrlulated rod 40 between pressure discs trol is not sufliciently sensitiveto meetV given- 42-and 44, thev 'assembly beingv mounted betweenconditions. 1 .f l support members and 48.*. Although only one An objectof this invention is' to provide for` stack of discsv'38j'svisible inthe drawing, usually operating constant speed engines at substantially2o two or'more istafcksfconnected in Vseries circuit maximum capacitywithout v overloading and relation are utilized and are so mounted onvinsustalling them.

Another object, of this invention is to provide ized Vpressure can',` be,applied A.simultaneously to anti-hunting regulating apparatus forconstant leachfstack.` :The ends of the rod 40 of Aeach of speed enginesto maintain the operation of such'izs the stacks .ar'eslidab'ly mountedinthe support engines at substantially maximum capacity'withmemberslli,and'S, 'a' spring member 50 being out overloading and stalling them. Yprovideclifor" normally .biasing the rod 40 away Other objects of theinvention will become apfromA the yfixed stop` 4,8. at the Aother end ofthe parent from the following description when taken steels..v 1 Y l inconjunction with the accompanying drawing,r :i0Y @Ap s'sure applyinglefver 52 vis pivotally carried in which: l :by anan'chor stud v54 whichis secured to a lug 56 Figure l isa view in elevation and pattlyin:carried by thefsupportv member 46. A pressure section of controlapparatus employed in this inspring 5811's positioned between the lug 56and the vention; A Y lever 52-forl normally biasing the lever 52-toapply Fig. 2 is a view in elevation andpartly in sec- 3.3 pressure-tothe'cross bar 6l) where more than one tion of another embodiment of partof the constack is employed; or directly to the endv cap of trolapparatus employed in this invention; and the pressure disc 42 tocompress the stack oi Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the regulatingapdiscs.v Pile resistors of this general type aredisparatus of thisinvention. closed and claimed in my Patent No. 2,276,069,

Referring to Fig. 3 of the drawing, a preferred '40 issued March 10,1942. and assigned to the asembodiment of the regulating apparatusisillus- Signee ofthis invention. traten' applied to a Diesel engine In.TheDiesel In order 'to release the pressure on the stack engine Illis'of the usual type having hand or of discs 38, a control valve member62, an auxilpower operated throttles (not shown) for coniary controlvalve member 64 anda power piston trolling' the operation of the engineand a hyi5 member 66are yprovided for so cooperating in draulic speedgovernor l2 for` preventing over- IGSDOHSB t0' a deCIeaSe in the Speed0f the Engine loading of the engine, as will be explained more Il)las't'o apply an intermittent Change 0f pressure fully hereinafter. Thedetails of the hydraulic tothe vend of the'level 52 in ODDOSOH t0 thegovernor I2 are not illustratedas they are well pressure of the spring58. p v known, the casing of such hydraulic governors 5o The controlvalve member 62 is disposed to be including a pump for supplyinglubricant under mounted on the casing of the hydraulic governor pressureto a point in the 'system' where required. l2fand comprises a sleevemember 68 having a A generator i4 provided with `an armature pistonvalve member 'Ill slidably disposed therein.

winding I6 and a field winding i8 is driven by the The piston valvemember l0 is formed of the Diesel engine l0. The armature windings I6are 55 valve 12 intermediate of the closure members 'i4 late'drods 40assciatedtherewith that an equal- I two chambers 16 and l0. The stem 82o! 'the piston `valve member extends through an oil gland 84 at thelower end of the casing member 68 and terminates-in a position where itis disposed to be engaged by the actuating lever 86 of the hydraulicgovernor |2 in a predetermined manner. The upper end of the casingmember 68 is closed by means of the threaded cap member 83 forming areservoir with the end of the piston valve member 10, a spring Vmember90 being disposed between the endscap member 88 and the upper end of thepiston valve member 'I0 for normally biasing the piston valve memberdownwardly in the casing member. As illustrated, a passage 92 isprovided extending `from the end of the piston valve member in thereservoir and terminating in the opening 94 which communicates with adrain chamber 98 provided in the lower end of the casing member. An

opening 98 is also provided inthe lpiston valve member -10 communicating`between the chamber `|8 and the passage 92 for draining the lubricant`from the chamber 16 `under predetermined conditions. An inletpassage|00'is provided in the casing member .68 land is connected to thevhydraulic governor |2 for supplying the 'lubricant to the chamber 80underpressure. An outlet passage or port |02 is also provided in thecasing member 68 for cooperating with the valve 12 for controlling theoutlet of the lubricant from the control Valve-member -62 or v.thedraining of the lubricant from thepower Apiston member 66 -as will beexplained vmore full'yhereinafter.

The auxiliary control valve member 64 comprises the casing member |04having a rotary valve member |06 disposed `therein with its stem |08extending through kancil gland |0 at the lowerend thereof. `The stemmember |08 of the rotary valve member |06 is disposed to .be connectedeither directly or through'a suitable gear chain (not shown) to thecrankshaft of the-Diesel engine l0, .and is operated in accordance withthe vspeed of the engine I0. As illustrated, the rotary valve member |06has a passage |f| 2 therethrough which is rdisposed to be aligned withthe ports in the casing member `|04 for a given position of the rotaryvalve member |06. The passage |2, however, may be of any form, dependingupon `the location of the ports `in the casing member |04. In additionto being a single passage ||2 as illustrated, a plurality through thelrotary valve member |06 may be provided, depending upon the number of`desired admissions, one or more, of the lubricant through the auxiliarycontrol valve member 64 'per revolution of the engine v|0. Asillustrated, the chambers formed in vt-he casing member above and belowthe rotary vvalve member |06 yare connected by the pipe I4 nto the drainpipe |1||5 from the drain chamber 96 of thefcontrol valve 62.

The power piston valve lmember 66 comprises the casing `member ||8having a sliding `power piston disposed therein with its piston rodv|22extending through vthe oil gland |24 to a `position where it abutsthe lever 52 to actuate it under predetermined conditions. The other endof the casing member ||8 is connected by the pipe `|"2-6 to the outlet`port of the auxiliary control valve 64. As there 'is some |28 providesfor returning the lubricant from the leakage of the oil about thevpiston -member |20, a pipe |28 is 0f passages f speed of the engine.

:hunting or oscillations because 9,810,994 and 19, which cooperatetherewith in formingy operating mechanism to the reservoir of the enginel0.

In operation. assuming that the engine 0 is adjusted for operating at aparticular given speed to drive the governor I2, and assuming that thefield rheostat '34 and the pile resistor 32 have been adjusted to soenergize the field winding |8 as to cause the generator |4 to generate apredetermined voltage, the switch 20 is manually operated to close thecircuit from the armature `vwinding i6 to the motor 22.

If an excessive load is encountered, such as where a locomotive ispulling a grade, the demand on the generator |4 ltends to overload theengine l0 so that a decrease in the speed of the engine l0 from thespeed which it is desired to maintain results. As the speed of the'engine |0 decreases, the governor |2 functions to force the lever B6 ina counter-clockwise direction to actuate the piston valve member 10 ofthe con- 'trol valve 62 upwardly against the bias of the spring 90.

As the Apiston valve '|2 moves upwardly to clear `the outlet port formedby the passage |02, the lubricant is delivered under pressure from thechamber 80 to the auxiliary control valve member 64, and since therotary valve member |06 thereof is actuated in accordance with the speedof the engine, the lubricant is delivered by the auxiliary valvemember64 to the power piston member 66 in jets, the number and spacing oi'which dependsupon the number of angular positioning or spacing passagesI2 that are provided in the rotary valve member |06 and also the For asingle straight passage ||2, as illustra-ted, in the rotating valvemember |06 there will be two passages of the lubricant to the powerpiston member 66 per revolution of the valve member 64. -Likewise withthree passages there will be six admissions of the lubricant to thepower piston member 66 per revolution of the valve member 64. On theother hand, if the ports of a single passage are 'at right angles or 90from one another, then onlyone admission of the lubricant is obtainedlper revolution of the valve member 64.

As the lubricant is delivered to the power piston member 66, the piston|20 is actuated to operate the lever 52 against the bias of the springmember -58 in intermittent steps to release the pressure on the stack ofdiscs 38. The piston |20 of vthe power piston member moves in smallsteps depending on the number of revolutions ,of the engine crankshaftper minute, and it is evident that there will be no swings and no enginethe change in the pressure on the stack of discs 38 is in smallincrements. This change in the pressure on the stack of discs alsovaries somewhat, depending upon the yspeed of the engine, for it isevident 'that the increments of movement of the power piston |20 are amaximum when the engine is operating so as to operate the control valve62 in such a manner that the passage |02 has a f maximum communicationwith the chamber of the control valve member 62. Ag the speed of theengine increases so that the governor I2 operates to permit return ofthe piston valve member 10 to the position shown in Fig. 1, the outletport |02 from the control valve member is gradually closed while at thesame time, the speed of the rotating valve member |06 is increased todecrease the amount of lubricant which is permitted to pass through thepassage ||'2 to the power piston 66.

4 2,340,994 As the. pressure is released; on the pile. resistor 32,` theresistance ofthe resistor 3.2 is increased` to effect a. decrease intheA field current.` of thelv exciter28`, and consequently, a=decreaseinz the eldicurrentof the generator `I4'. This decrease` inthefield current ofthe*y generator |`4` effectsvalve member 10 of thecontrolfvaive wherebyy the valve member 'l0 returns tov the positionshownin'Fig. 1.

If the'engine I0'dropsbe1owffull'load; thevaivef member 'l0 ofthecontrol valve drops-toapos-ition:

where the valve lllV clears. the port connect-ingy with the passage |'02sothat the passagey IDI-'then'- oommunicateswith the chamber 18Jtodeliverthe lubricant from the power piston through thepipe.'

|28 and the rotating valve` member |06.` of the auxiliary control valveB4 in-increments depending uponthe speedr of. the engine to-thechamber18 from which it is drained through the opening;

98 and passage 92 tothe drain 'chamberV 961 of?` the control valve 62,and thence returned through- Such the pip'e- |6-to the reservoir of theengine.`

complicated-'contrer valve 621 and. thef auxiliary 4control!valvey 64"-of.:A they embodiment:illustrated` action functions to permit the springl'toapplyan intermittent increase of pressure on .the pile resistor 32to decrease'its resistance,.and, consequently increase the excitationofi the generator |4 to increase the voltage generated thereby;

The same operation is obtained utilizing. the* valve illustrated in Fig,2Lof the drawing-t In` this embodiment the control valve and. auxiliaryJcontrol valve Aarel combined in a single valvemem` ber|30 havingiacasing member |32fand1afrotating .piston member member |34 carries acontrol valve |36disposed intermediate of the closure members |38: and.'|140, the closure member |38 forming a" rotatingjvalve member having:apassage |42,y eitherstrai'ght on angular,v or, if. required,moreth'a'nzone passage'- therein.. The end-oftlierod |44 ofthe-piston.member |34l extends through theoilseal |40and'f terminates adjacentthe'l'ever- ,(not'shown), of" the governorto be actuatedfthereb'y. Theend; oiZ the: rod |44 also carries af-suitablegearv llr'disposedi to beengaged by a gear-'drive (notgshown) andj driven'i'n aCCOrdance with thefspe'edi of the. en gine... y.

A passage |34 therein; The piston |50 is provided forl delivering: the-rauf in- Fig.. 11,.1t.-fbeing-nntedr that. asi-.the speed or theengine-increases the'y piston'- member |34? of' the valve: member |130". drops. to; a. position'. where the lubricant-is intermittently'-returned from' the powerrpi'stonl member through' the passage |56',rotatingf, passage |'4`2,. and passage |54 to the chamber |6 2F above.thevalve |-'3'6.-andfrom= thence f to;- the drain'- passagek |58;r Thissimplified-,valvemember give's'f anzeni'cient.regulation..

By' means' ot` the: regulatingV apparatus of. this invention; it'.isapparent tliata. substantially con-- stant speedl, i's-fmaintainedfor' constantspeed en gi'nes` without overloading'- tl'le.engine. regardless offtliel'oad. demandonathe generator driven bytheengine.. Atall times, the powersupplied-bythe generatoriis-substantially constant', the-voltage ofv the generator.y varying. inaccordance with the `change in the cur-rent' demand: while the speedoi'- the' engine remains substantially constant.

Becausev o! the. apparatus employed; any .change in the loadv off the'enginey effects an immediate.

change in the excitation: ofv the generator,v such changei'nil theexcitation. beingI directly: proportional to thechangeirrthe .loadfconditions, for-'as explained hereinbefor-e, the: control valvel and theauxiliary control valve cooperate to adjust the pressure-.on the pilerl'ieostat in increments whichvary in1 accordance:v with` the speedl of`the engine. This system.isvery'sensitivmitibeing found that itsoperation is: independent.- ot' the. temperature or. grade of thevlubricant..` employed in the. en'- gine;`

Although thisinvention. lia-'s` been described with. reference-tov aparticular embodimentitheree of;y itv is;1 of. Goursm; not'v to belimited' thereto ex.- cept irsofarfas is ne'ceys'sitatedzbythe. scope ofthe' appended.claims;`

' withz-ana armature: winding andv aueld winding lubricant under4pressure toithe chamber |.B4`,. an port, |52 and kpassage |54ibeing"providedfinithez casing member'.v |32. for' delivering' the lubricant.

under pressure to-r the rotating valve. member-f |30 -when the valve |36is actuated upwardly; ills-i1I lustrated, thek ends` ofthe-passage |42`in the ro tating valve member are sor enlarged or theen tire passagemaybeso large that' forf all-'operative positionsbf. thevalve |35, the.passage |'42Croetates andperiodically is in valignmentV withl thepassage|54. The other passage-f |5451.r is disposed'- to deliver the lubricantvas 'itisfpassed bytl'ieil rotating valve to thepower' pistontointermittentlyoperate vthe power piston. A2 drainVpasdisp'osedij'to'I/'be driven.v by.y the" engineg. meansrvfor 1energizing the. elct winding'r offftheA generaton a rheostati connected:in circuit; relationzwith: the

energizing means: disposedi to be operated for controlling: thevoltage'.'generatedV by-l the-generator, a pressureyresponsivemeanslgdisposedy for 'operating the' rheostat, 'a'.powerpiston responsive toi-` pressure dispiosed' to.'V operate the ,pressurere sponsivel means, a'. liquidi maintained under pressure',`v ja.controlvalvez responsive to"- they speed. ofr the-engine. fordelivering: the liquid: to-v and: effect Vingathe operation of-vthepow'ei'piston, andi means operative. i'ndep'endentlyv ofVV the powerpiston and the control'A valve'v forfvrendering.; the delivery of theVliquid'from the controlI valve to. the power pistonintermittent-to; givean intermittent,l oper-- enginesini combinatiom agenerator provided.withl anar-mature"'windingv and ai field. windingl sage |58`is connectedtothechamber ll''forined. .Y

above tberotating member and in which the spring |61 is .positioned forbiasing the;pist/tm member against the lever ofA the governor' and!chambers |62, |64 and IGS-for draining thelubri cant. from the valvemember, the passage |-581being connected tov the pipe. |68 to thereservoir' of the governor. The valve member |30 illustrated functionsinthe-same manner as themore ationz of thel rheostat toprsevenftiyhunting. and' maintain the speed' ofi' theengine` substantially-lconstant,` under.' changing" load". conditions..v

2i. In:l regulatingr apparatus for constant` speed disposed tot`vbe"'dr-ivenr bythe engine, means for energizing theeld'winding: ofJthegenerator. a

rrh'eostat` connectedjin'- circuit relation with the energizing'meanSdiSpOSed-.to befoperat'eci.l for con.-

. trolling'the voltage'generatediby'the'generator; a-

pressureresponsive. means disposed for` operat ing thevrlieostat, a:power pistonresponsive to' pressure disposedto operate thepressureresponsive means, af liquid. maintainedunder. pressure.

a control valve responsive to and; effecting the l lstat to preventhunting land disposedv tolbe driven by energizing thefield winding ofthe generator, a

piston intermittent, the intermittent f the liquidto thek powerpistoneiecting the intermittent l operation v,eration in response engines, incombination,

operation of the power piston. and means 'coni-v der thedellvery of theliquid from-,thefcontrol valve to the .power piston intermittentftlielnterof the ,engine substantially constant under changing loadconditions.

` 3. In regulating apparatus for constant speed vengines.

in combination, a generator provided with an armature winding and afield winding the engine, means for rliecstat connected incircuitrelation with the venergizing,means disposed to, be operated forcontrolling.. the voltage generated by the genlprising a valve disposedfol'pperationindepend- 'y "ntly of the operation of the .controlrvalveto -rento the speed of theengine, and means connecting the control valveand power piston'for delivering the liquid to the power piston when thecontrol valve is operated, said means including a rotating valvedisposed for continuous operation by the engine independently of thesliding opl -eration of the vcontrol valve to render the de- .,maintainthe speed of the -constant under changing load conditions.

erator, a pressure responsivemeans disposed for operating the rheostat,aV power piston responsive to pressuredisposed to operate the pressureresponsive means, a liquid maintained under pressure, a control valveresponsive to the speed of theengine for delivering the liquid to andeffecting the operation ofthe power piston, and H ,means vcomprising arotating valve disposed for .continuous operation independently of theoperation o'f the control valve to render the delivery of theliquid fromthe control valve to lthe power of. the A,rheostat to prevent hunting'and maintain the speed of the engine substantially constantfunderchanging-load conditions.

regulating apparatusior constant speed engines in combination. agenerator provided with .,anarmature winding and-a eld winding disposedf, to, bedriven'by t he engine, means for energizing the field windingof the generator, a `rheostat connected in circuit relation with theenergizing `means disposed to b eroperatedfor controlling the voltageVgenerated by the generator, al pressure responsive means disposed foroperating the rheostat, a power piston responsive to pressuredisposedtooperate the pressure vresponsive means, a liquid maintainedunder pressure. a control valve connected to receivethe liquid-disposedfor optothe speed of the engine, and meansconnecting the control valveand ,poweiy piston -for deliveringr the liquid to the power .piston whenthe controllvalve-is operated, said meansincluding a valve disposedforoperation independently vofthe operation of the control valve tolrender the .delivery of the liquid to .the power piston intermittent.the intermittent delivery of the' liquid tov the power pistoneffectingthe intermittent operation of the frheostat to prevent hunting andmaintain the speed of the engine substantially-constant under changingload conditions. f I

. 5. In regulating apparatus` for constantspeed a ,generator providedwith, anarmature winding and anelli-winding disposedto b e driven` bythe engine, means for energizing the eld winding of the generator, a

erator.

delivery of 6. In regulating apparatus for constant speed engines. incombination, a generator provided with an armature winding and a eldwinding disposed to be driven by the engine, means for n A energizingthe field winding of the generator, a rheostat connected in circuitrelation with the livery 0f the liquid energizing means disposed to :ing`and maintain .stantially constant be operated for controlling thevoltage generated by the generator, a pressure responsive means disposedfor operating the rheostat, a power piston responsive to pressuredisposed to operate the pressure responsive means, a liquid maintainedunder pressure, valve means responsive to the speed of the engine fordelivering the liquid to and effecting the-operation of the powerpiston, the valve means including a sliding valve disposed to conneetthe power piston to the liquid under pressure and a. rotatingvalve foreffecting the deto the power piston in an intermittent manner, theintermittent delivery of the liquid to the power piston giving anintermittent operation of the rheosatv to prevent huntthe speed of theengine subunder changing load conditions. Y Y l 7. In regulatingapparatus for constant speed engines, in combination, a generatorprovided with an armature winding and a neld Winding disposed to bedriven by the engine, means for venergizing the field winding of thegenerator, a

means, a liquid maintained under pressure, valve means responsive to thespeed of the engine for delivering the liquid to and effecting theoperation ofthe power piston, the valve means including a continuouslyrotating valve member mounted for sliding movement disposed to connectthe power piston to the liquid under pressureand effect the delivery ofthe liquid to the power piston in an intermittent manner, theintermittent delivery of the liquid to the power piston giving anintermittent operation of the Irheostat to prevent hunting and maintainthe speed of the engine substantially constant under changing loadconditions.

WALTER H. SMITH.

